Naturalization & Citizenship (N-400)
Eligibility timelines, the civics test, and the issues that most often delay applications.
When you can apply
Five years after your green card (three if married to a U.S. citizen), with at least half that time physically in the U.S. and continuous residence unbroken by trips of 6+ months. You can file up to 90 days early.
The interview and test
You'll answer up to 10 of 100 published civics questions (6 correct passes) and demonstrate basic English reading and writing. Bring your green card, passports, and documentation of any arrests, taxes owed, or long trips.
Common delays
Unpaid taxes, missed selective-service registration, extended trips abroad, and name-check backlogs are the usual culprits. Most applications complete in 6–10 months from filing to oath.
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